The Protection and Welfare of Children - 1271 Words

Preface One of the greatest responsibilities of society in general and government officials particularly is the protection of children. All too often, various factors in families create a lack of safety and well-being for children. For this reason, entities such as the Mission of the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families exist to create safety, permanency, and well being for children, especially after they have suffered from trauma incidents within the family. New child welfare practices included in the Department are child-driven, family centered, community focused, strengths-based, committed to diversity and committed to continuous learning and innovation. By focusing on these ideals, each individual within the Department is focused on creating the best possible for all children making use of its services. Hence, the Department works to promote its vision, which is the safety of children in a way that can provide the best possible hope of creating a sustained and resilient network of relationships, which would support growth and development for the child and create a good platform for an effective adulthood. Specific services include foster care, residential placement, child care services, adoption services, and services focusing on help for households where domestic violence, abuse or neglect are present. Adolescent services and home based services for the education and support of families are also present. My role within the Department is asShow MoreRelatedAn Analytical Comparison Between England And Florida s Child Protection1619 Words   |  7 Pagespart of the world. This assignment will begin by defining child protection. This will lead to an analytical comparison between England and Florida’s child protection approaches, structure of the system and possible practice issues. This will include will include relevant legislation and policies. Following this suggestions on the improvement of provisions and services will be made in accordance to the above findings. Child protection has been chosen for the focus of this assignment as this is a serviceRead MoreRole of Government in Social Welfare1477 Words   |  6 PagesROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN SOCIAL WELFARE A Government consists of group of people who govern a state. The proper governing of state plays a very important role in the development of a country. The government should take all necessary steps for the betterment of the country and its people. A democratic country is for the people, by the people and to the people. Therefore government of any country should act wisely for the development of the community. Social welfare is a policy in which the well beingRead MoreCyp Core 3.3 –1.1 Outline Current Legislation, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures Within Own Uk Home Nation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People.883 Words   |  4 PagesHome Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. Child Act 1989 - There has been certain legislation in the United Kingdom along with home policies and procedures that affect the safeguarding of children and young people. Policies and procedures for safeguarding and child protection in England and Wales are the result of the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 carried more changes that affected the way the child protection system is structured and organized worksRead MoreChild Welfare Policy: Past, Present, and Future Essays1028 Words   |  5 Pagestime, women and children were seen as unimportant under the law, whereas a father was given almost total control over all matters regarding his wife and children. If a father was violent or neglectful, society simply turned their shoulder to it. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, laws pertaining to the family system began to change. A new law recognized the equal rights of fathers and mothers with the mother’s rights reigning over the fathers in regards to the children. Also, the legalRead MoreOutline Of Historical Views On Child Welfare Workforce And Nasw Standards994 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 1 - Child Welfare Workforce an d NASW Standards Provide an overview of historical views on children and identify how this will impact your role in empowering families, protecting children from maltreatment, and engaging in ethical decision making as a child welfare worker. Historically, children were viewed very differently than they are today. Adults thought of children as being seen and not heard. Children were expected to work in textile factories or as chimney sweeps in order to provideRead MoreThe Mission Of The Child Protection Services Agency1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe National Association of Public Child Welfare Administrators, the mission of the child protection services agency is to assess the safety of children, intervene to protect children from harm, strengthen the ability of families to protect their children, and to provide a reunification or an alternative safe family for child (Home - Child Welfare Information Gateway, n.d.). The purpose of a case plan is an arrangement or ground plan that a child protection services professionals’ uses with a familyRead MoreDescribe Why Schools Have Policies and Procedures and Identify the Policies and Procedures Schools May Have Relating to Staff Pupil Welfare and Teaching and Learning1248 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 2.5 5.1 5.2 Describe why schools have policies and procedures and Identify the policies and procedures schools may have relating to: a) staff b) pupil welfare c) teaching and learning All schools have policies and procedures in place to support staff in their management of situations these may involve violence, threatening behaviour or abuse amongst other policies which are all legal requirements within the setting of a school, you must adhere to these policies and familiariseRead MoreSafeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People1406 Words   |  6 PagesSafeguarding the welfare of children and young people 1. Using the headings provided, briefly describe the key points of each of the following guidelines and legislation. (1.1) and analyse how these guidelines affect the day to day work with young children (1.3) The Children act 1989 The aim of this act is to simplify the laws that are already in place, which protect children and young people in the UK. It was seen as a â€Å"serious shake up† of children’s rights and protection, and also made itRead MoreOutline Current Legislation, Guidelines, Policies and Procedure Within Own Uk Home Nation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People766 Words   |  4 Pagessafeguarding of children and young people. Any individual who comes into contact with children in their daily line of work â€Å"has a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children†. Safeguarding means protecting and promoting the child’s welfare and putting measure in place to prevent abuse. Child protection is protecting a child where there is reason to believe that the child has suffered or are likely to suffer as a result of abuse. There are many laws that protect the welfare and safeguardingRead MoreOutline the Current Legislation Covering Home Based Childcare and the Role of Regulatory Bodies.882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe name of the green paper produced in response to the Laming inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbià © in 2000. It went on to form the basis of the 2004 Children’s Act. The paper lists five outcomes which were identified in consultation with children and young people: Being healthy: enjoying good physical and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle Staying safe: being protected from harm and neglect Enjoying and achieving: getting the most out of life and developing the skills

Charlie Fish Free Essays

The wife did nothing. I would say that he is the protagonist in the story, because he is doing nothing wrong, the only thing he does is to think evil thoughts. The protagonist is usually the â€Å"good† guy in the story and the main character. We will write a custom essay sample on Charlie Fish or any similar topic only for you Order Now I wouldn’t say he is good, because he have intentions to kill his wife, but in the end it ‘s her who is the antagonist and let him die. D: Typical for the crime genre is that there often is a crime or someone who breaks the law. For example the woman in the story is breaking the law by not helping her husband, and as it says on the last line â€Å"l fall to the floor. My wife Just sits there, watching. † The main character is often a police officer(the good guy) or a criminal(the bad gay), in our story you could say the main character is both. He’s a bad guy inside, but â€Å"behave† on the outside. The tension also plays a major role and there is also often plot twist in the crime genre. In the story we as readers had an idea that he non will kill his wife, but in the end it is her who kills him, it’s called a plot twist and the tension is built up. I think It’s a good story, because the excitement Is built up and It does not end as expected. The author manages to build something up, although the story Is so short. Charlie Fish By Cannonaded â€Å"Death by Scrabble† by Charlie Fish is a story a husband and his wife. It’s the hottest angry at his wife, so angry that he would beat his wife to death. He is Just waiting for he right time. The words they put down on the board, begins to happen in reality. When he puts the word â€Å"QUAKE† down, and she thereafter put â€Å"DEATH†, it all starts to shake and the man gets a piece stuck in his throat, which he had hidden in his intentions to kill his wife, but in the end it’s her who is the antagonist and let him I think it’s a good story, because the excitement is built up and it does not end as expected. The author manages to build something up, although the story is so short. How to cite Charlie Fish, Papers

Human Resource Management in an organization - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management in an organization. Answer: Introduction: Human resource management is the practices, policies and systems that influence the behavior, performance and attitudes of the employees Individuals are seen as a social capital as per the Harvard framework (Paill, Boiral and Jin 2014). The strategic planning, formulation and implementation had led to acquisition and organizational change. In 1912, the 8 hours work shift was started in India and this practice was further adopted by Henry Ford in 1914. In 1929 Dupoint designed the first ever multi divisional organizational structure. Sir Aubrey Daniels coined the term performance management in getting people to do what you want them to do (Sheehan 2014). The HR function has seen many faces of evolution. People management irrespective of the shape and form it is in will continue to evolve because the main function is to make people and organization more effective. Human Resource Management in Australia: The reciprocal fit between the human resource and organizational strategy is a crucial factor for organizational success. In my organization, the HR professionals are responsible for the HR planning through proper evaluation and forecasting the demand and supply for the human capital. I have ascertained that maintaining the community and employee relations is also very crucial for the growth of the organization. The composition of Australian workforce consists of age, gender, employee values, ethnic diversity and structure of the economy, skill deficiencies and various ethical considerations (Kramar 2014). There are various competitive challenges that are influencing the management of human resource in the Australian organization; this includes the challenge of HR innovation, sustainability, globalization as well as retaining and attracting people. It has been revealed as per my observation that HR practices always support work systems of high performance that involves employee participation in the high performance workplace. The ongoing training method in my organization is given more emphasis and rewarded thereon. I think that the work processes and equipment should be structured in such a manner in an organization so that interaction among employees and maximum flexibility should be encouraged. The work designs help us, as an employee to use variety of skills. This helps us to participate in planning changes in equipment, work methods and layout. In my organization, balanced scorecard approach is used to indicate the profitability, shareholder value and growth. Through balance scorecard method, the operating efficiency of my organization has been improved which has further led to the empowerment of the workforce (Tung 2016). Strategic Human Resource Management: The strategic human resource management is the planned HR activities and deployments that help the firm to achieve its goals. It helps in assessing the skills of the employees that is required to run the systems by engaging in HR practices through training and selection process. The strategic choice is the ways and techniques of an organization that is used for fulfilling the companys mission and achieving long term goals. The major components required for strategy formulation by an organization is its mission and goals (Cooke, Saini and Wang 2014). The strategy to be implemented should be further analyzed for achieving maximum profit. The scrutiny of the business environment is done through SWOT analysis that is by ascertaining the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats for the organization (Nyberg et al. 2014). This internal and external analysis of the firm helps in making proper decision by the firm. In my organizations the managers and directors are solely responsible for the implementation of the strategy. The various vital elements that determines the growth of the organization through strategy implementation includes organizational structure, task design, information system, selection, and development of the people. Moreover, as per my viewpoint, Reward system is also an important tool for strategy implementation. The human resources practices needed for strategy implementation in an organization include recruitment, performance management, job analysis, job design and selection. The skills, culture and behavior of the employee is responsible for proper strategy implementation in the firm. Role behavior is crucial for the job holders to work in the social environment (Lucas, DEnbeau and Heiden 2016). It varies according to number of dimensions in addition to different behaviors and roles required through various strategies. The directional strategies in my organization include concentration, internal and external growth strategies. The process in my organization does not end here, the executed strategy is then properly evaluated and the effectiveness of the strategy is monitored. The problems area if present any is identified and alternative strategies if any present is developed. HR competencie s are essential for the strategic management of an organization. In many developed organizations I have found that individuals are appointed as strategic positioners for understanding and evolving the business contexts, requirement and other stakeholder expectations. Credible activist are also common now a days in many firm to provide clear idea about building the business performance. The major role of HR functions requires professional, business, technical, integration competencies and change management. The Legal Context for Human Resource Management In the current scenario, understanding the legal environment is very crucial. The vital requirement of this law is to facilitate good management practices, complying with the law and doing right things required for the organization. I have ascertained that if the manager of my organization sometimes makes a bad decision, both the HR department and the organizations legal department is unable to solve the problem. This further leads to limiting the potential liability of the firm. The legal environment as well the considerations can influence the prospective, potential and current employee of the organization (Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe 2014). I think this help in protecting from initial job placement, discrimination in selection and initial compensation. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment is the practice or process carried by the firm with the main objective of identifying the potential individual for the jobs. The features of the vacancy available in the firm are important for recruiting the sources for the required job. Vacancy present in the organizations can be fulfilled through internal and external recruiting process. Direct applicants or through referrals are common nowadays in most of the organization. Advertisement, internet recruitment, public or private employment agencies and campus recruiting are some of the common sources of attracting the potential candidates for the job process (Miller, Xu and Mehrotra 2015). I think the recruiters traits that involve the warmth and in formativeness is vital for recruiting process. As the potential candidates have certain expectations about the company, job location, and the working condition of the organization. One of my experiences while going through the recruitment process was very bad as the recruiter was too rude that further lowered my self esteem for getting a job. Selection is the final and ultimate procedure of deciding that who will be allowed or given the job in the organization. The selection techniques standard includes various vital elements like reliability, validity, utility, generalizability and legality. Selection methods within an organization are carried in various forms like interviews, which are structured, focused and situational in form. Physical ability tests, personality test are also carried in many organizations (Kramar et al. 2014). Selection is a negative process as the employees not being selected are seen lowly in the society. For an instance, I had once difference of opinion with my co-worker regarding absenteeism problem and how to overcome it. On being experience enough I was able to resolve the conflict with my co-employee through motivating him. Therefore it is vital that the individual getting selected should be adaptive, reliable and have a positive attitude towards work. Managing Diversity and Work-life balance: Diversity management in an organization is the process or ways of managing people differences and similarity in the workplace. This help in creating a business environment that enables to contribute in increasing the organizational goals rapidly by providing equal opportunity to all irrespective of age, gender, race or personal background. The government has initiated Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) for the organizations to ensure that all the people are provided equal opportunity in the firm for the employment process. Moreover, women participation in the workplace is also increasing due to the laws and government initiatives (Lucas, DEnbeau and Heiden 2016). In March 2012, Equal Opportunity for Women was also introduced within the Workplace Amendment Bill to promote equal pay and gender equality. Diversity management provides the major source of gaining competitive advantage through diversified workforce. Organizational performance is improved through diversity management as the creative individuals potential are maximized. As a result, innovative opportunities and ideas are generated through a wide range of frameworks. Strategic initiatives further recognize diversity as a vital element for organizational success (Aryee et al. 2016). In my organization diversity enlargement was practiced to expand and increase the business. It is a technique that increases the representation of groups with characteristics, like gender or ethnic background. Moreover, diversity training is also provided in my workp lace, which is a plan designed to change the attitude of the employees about diversity. This help in developing skills of the employee that is required to work in a diverse workforce. Work life balance on the other hand is employees ability to earn adequate income besides enjoying the family life (Ployhart et al. 2014). For instance, in my organization leave arrangements were provided to the employees so that they are flexible in handling both their professional and family life. In Australia the popular policies are job-sharing, flexible hours, sick leaves, part time work and relocation services to promote family friendly programs. This help in providing job satisfaction and improving employee morale that leads to increase in the organizational productivity. Furthermore, I have ascertained that the manager should understand the value of diversity and its impact on the organization to build and sustain employment relationship. References: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F.O., Seidu, E.Y. and Otaye, L.E., 2016. Developing and leveraging human capital resource to promote service quality: Testing a theory of performance.Journal of management,42(2), pp.480-499. Cooke, F.L., Saini, D.S. and Wang, J., 2014. Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.225-235. Kramar, Bartram, De Cieri, Noe, Hollenbeck, 2014. Gerhart, Wright, Human Resource Management: Strategy, People, Performance, 5e , McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), pp.1069-1089. Lucas, K., DEnbeau, S. and Heiden, E.P., 2016. Generational growing pains as resistance to feminine gendering of organization? An archival analysis of human resource management discourses.Journal of Management Inquiry,25(3), pp.322-337. Miller, D., Xu, X. and Mehrotra, V., 2015. When is human capital a valuable resource? The performance effects of Ivy League selection among celebrated CEOs.Strategic Management Journal,36(6), pp.930-944. Nyberg, A.J., Moliterno, T.P., Hale Jr, D. and Lepak, D.P., 2014. Resource-based perspectives on unit-level human capital: A review and integration.Journal of Management,40(1), pp.316-346. Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. Ployhart, R.E., Nyberg, A.J., Reilly, G. and Maltarich, M.A., 2014. Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources!.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.371-398. Sheehan, M., 2014. Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms.International Small Business Journal,32(5), pp.545-570. Tung, R.L., 2016. New perspectives on human resource management in a global context.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.142-152.

Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Essay Example

Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Paper Closely tied with dignity, is free will. Although it seems the concentration camps confine all sources of personal choice and freedom, they fail to eradicate the effect of free will. Shukhovs team led by Tiurin builds a place to warm up, not for the building site, but for themselves, emphasizing how the team can do something to for themselves, despite the seeming impossibility of this self service. Even stronger achievements of the free will, can be shown in Shukhov himself. He has a very economic attitude towards all materials, nothing can be wasted; even eight years in camp couldnt change his nature, Shukhov wasnt made that way We see another line, saying even eight years as a convict hadnt turned him into a jackal. Here, the writer subtly uses repetition of even eight years to reinforce the protagonists persistence, in his personal philosophies and ethics, which could only be sustained by a powerful free will. In speaking of the freedom of choice, there is also the freedom of sharing food rather than stealing it. Tsezar the office assistant generously offers Shukhov two biscuits, two lumps of sugar, and a slice of sausage from his parcel since he protected the parcel for him, although it is not compulsory to give, Tsezars choice shows his morality in his free will to repay someone for helping him; Shukhov then gives away one of his biscuits to Alyosha, simply from his sympathy that he makes himself nice to everyone but doesnt know how to earn anything, this act is also a revelation of virtue by his free will. We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solzhenitsyns One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Finally, prisoners are empowered with the ability to make the choice in their beliefs. Alyosha for example chooses to believe in God and Jesus, having faith that being in prison is not about suffering but this lets you have time to think about your soul; and from Shukhovs observation that His voice and his eyes left no doubt that he was happy in prison this is proof that Alyoshas faith in God, in hope is so strong, even in such adversity. Lastly and most importantly is comradeship. Throughout the novel, we see real bonds between the prisoners. More evidently, is the comradeship between Shukhovs team. When they surround Tiurin to hear his story, this metaphor: It was a family, the team clearly shows the tight links between the men. The protagonist also reveals his strong trust in his team leader, this faith is reinforced through the metaphor Tiurin was a father to the team, and the firm declarative His team leader would never give him away. Additionally, in the narration, Solzhenitsyn deliberately uses the collective they in what a pace they set why shouldnt they race on and many other phrases during the construction of the wall, effectively building an unconscious state of family, community between the zeks. There are also more specific relationships between characters. The two Estonian fishermen show an unusual bond between each other, as they shared everything: one of them wouldnt spend even a pinch of tobacco without consulting the other, the measure word a pinch stresses the strength of this bond. A fatherly affection develops from Shukhov towards Gopchik, we see this as the writer states in a short sentence Shukhov was fond of the scamp, especially since his own son died young. As well as this, for the protagonists fellow worker Kilgas and himself they had come to respect one another. , and also this short sentence Shukhov liked to work with Kilgas. Therefore it is evident that an amity is formed between the two. However some may say that there is also negative qualities that undermine this sense of celebration of the human spirit. Preliminarily, we see arrogance. Der, the building foreman is an arrogant man; he says to Shukhov with an imperative Youre a mason. Listen to what a foreman has to tell you which instantly reveal his arrogance demanding Shukhov to listen to his orders, and disrespecting Shukhovs skill. We see that Der is not ordering Shukhov because he himself is more skilful, as Shukhov informs the reader that when Der once showed him how to lay bricks, he got a belly laugh. A man should build a house with his own hands before he calls himself an engineer. This line of quotation therefore tells us Ders lack of skill, which causes his arrogance to bulge out blatantly. Greed is also apparent. When the prisoners receive parcels from their family or friends, the guards open them first, they cut, they broke, they fingered, the sheer greed of the guards, in searching the parcels and eventually grabbing most of the contents for themselves, is illustrated vividly to us by the use of these three short clauses and dynamic verbs. Greed is also shown throughout, when the writer mentions that everyone waited fearfully to learn who would be losing a slice of bread that evening. That evening implies that bread is very often stolen by other zeks, showing how greed persists like a tumour in the camp. More serious than greed, is that there are possibilities of betrayals. When Kuziomin, Shukhovs first team leader brings up the fact that there are those who peach on their mates, we automatically gain a bitter sense of reality at the camp, of the possibility of betrayal. Finally, the most severe negative quality is the lack of sympathy for others. In the example above of the guards selfishly rummaging and fishing for food and other treasures in the prisoners parcels, a vivid picture is painted of the parcel reception process. For example, every zek who got a parcel had to give and give, starting with the guard who opened it. The imperative modal auxillary had to and the repetition of give emphasize the sense of a hierarchy, the injustice of the treatment of prisoners-ultimately a severe lack of sympathy and consideration for others. In the canteen, there is further unkindness. The writer suddenly lapses from the past into the present tense They fleece you here, they fleece you in the camp, they fleece you even earlier, with this technique along with the second person narrative you accentuate the unfair yet perpetual swindling that occurs, when the ones higher in the hierarchy, the cook, the sanitary inspector and others, take advantage of the zeks and filch some of their rightful portions. Also, in the line And get away from the serving hatch! , Solzhenitsyn effectively uses what an authority would shout out as a direct quote, an exclamation mark here heightens the severity and callous feelings from this tone of voice. In conclusion, this novel shows many virtuous qualities, as well as some negative qualities. However, as the former is insisted so often and so strongly by the writer, especially through the protagonist, Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, it cannot be denied that the novel is in fact a powerful, heartfelt celebration of the human spirit, standing out like on a background of harsh adversity. Solzhenitsyn has presented this celebration well as these elements of virtues are neatly interwoven into the text, without any glaring seams of exaggeration or overemphasis on character morality in their thoughts or behaviour, therefore making the existence of such human spiritual qualities more convincing.

Mobile Security

Mobile Security Introduction In the modern world, mobile devices are an important part of people’s lives. They include laptops, Personal Digit Assistants (PDAs), and smart phones. They offer a communication opportunity both in personal life and in business transactions (Furnell, 2009). In the recent past, there has been a notable growth in sales of smart phones due to their multiple functions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mobile Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, there was 40% sale of smart phones in United Kingdom in 2012. Most people now prefer smart phones compared to traditional models of mobile phones. In addition, most people encourage their employees to use smart phones for easiness of communication (Braunberg, 2013). The use of these mobile devices is very important in the society today due to shifting from analogue communication systems to digital communication systems. Nowadays, most people will prefer using a smart phone rather than use a very heavy computer. This is because the smartphone is portable and can even fit in a handbag or pocket. Use of PDAs and mobile phones in the places of work is largely contributing to easing of communication. These devices operate nearly the same as desktops besides providing personal information to the owner. They contain features such as phonebook, notepad, and calendar. In addition to these features, mobile devices receive voice calls and text messages (Jansen Scarfone, 2008). Due to increase in their demand, there has been rise in hacking and theft. Therefore, it is important to take security measures to protect them. Organizations store most of their information in these devices. Lack of security can cause such organizations to loose very important data and information thus compromising their productivity. Among the security concerns that loss of devices can lead to include: data leakage via these devices, virus infectio n hence distorting the information and even unauthorized traffic interception. These concerns call for enhanced security measures of mobile devices (The Government of the Hong Kong, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Security of mobile devices The ubiquitous nature of the wireless devices makes it more vulnerable to security attacks compared to the wired ones. Reports on unauthorized traffic interception as a form of security makes unauthorized people access an organization’s email and other private data sent over the hacked network. Consequently, security is a significant aspect in the wireless systems than in wired communication systems (Venkataram Babu, 2010). According to Braunberg, 2013 organizations need to take care of the different applications and software used by the mobile devices. In this case, they should ensure that the devices use o nly the allowable applications. This would reduce cases of malware attack and viruses. Security of mobile devices encompasses security of all information and data saved and stored in the tablets, smart phones, laptops, and PDAs. These measures protect the confidential data against abuse. In addition, such security measures ensure that only the authorized persons can access the information. When unauthorized persons access some information, there may be cases of identity theft, financial theft and breakdown in communication (Paulus, Pohlmann Reimer, 2005) Mobile phones and PDAs need a secure infrastructure for suitable management. Security measures should follow proper identifications of the organization’s information systems, guidelines, standards, procedures, and development. This will enhance integrity, availability of information system resources and even confidentiality. In addition, this will ensure the development of a well-organized and wholesome security system for t he mobile devices of such organization. (Jansen Scarfone, 2008) The first generation of analogical mobile phones had an electronic serial number that could confirm the terminal to allow access to the service. On the other hand, the recent mobile devices use GSM. Each subscriber receives a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) required before using the service. SIM has the user’s identity and authentication key, which is only active during the subscription time.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mobile Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, SIM is an independent terminal, which is removable. SIM is one of the major forms of mobile security. The SIM ensures security in that the user requires a Personal Identification Number (PIN) to open up the SIM. This form of security is effective when the user does not share the PIN with anybody (Pagani, 2005). Another way to secure the mobile devices is ens uring proper configuration of its devices. The devices should have the right services and applications to avoid frequent upgrade, patches, and any other safeguards. These upgrades and patches can introduce virus and malwares hence infecting the device. The devices should receive configurations according to the companies’ requirement. Moreover, in case of introduction of new security checklists and protocols, the administrators should manage their installation effectively (Jansen Scarfone, 2008) Many network administrators concentrate on avoiding eavesdropping and authentication. They know that security of any network is very significant to organizations. Everybody loves privacy and would work to ensure security of his devices to avoid occurrence of hacking leading to unauthorized access to the emails, use of one’s credit card to make purchases and even sending inappropriate emails to other people on his/her name. Contrary to the wireless devices, the wired devices get their security from system administrators who are the only people allowed to access authentication of the device. On the other hand, the wireless devices depend on encryption to prevent eavesdropping. This form of security measure uses a static key in most occurrences; this can include a key got from the static key, negotiated key, a shared static key and sometimes a dynamically- generated key. They use this type of security measure because anybody can access the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) of the wireless device (Weiss, 2002) Due to their high demand, most wireless devices are prone to theft. Therefore, it is worth noting when storing data that the device can get lost or stolen. With this in mind, there is another approach, which can ensure security of the stored data. This is use of password. This approach generates a unique combination of character to every mobile device.Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the system administrator should observe the clear password management policy. In this case, only the person with the password should access the data. In addition, the system administrator can destroy the stored data remotely in case there is loss or theft of the device (The Government of the Hong Kong, 2011) Recommendations In the modern world, increased mobile security measures should come first because there is an increase in the use of mobile wireless devices. The current measures are costly, non-universal, and ineffective. The device users should be very keen on the cost of protecting their confidential information. Most of them need a device that will not cost any further above the purchase price. The system administrators, on the other hand are keen on the cost of the security measures. They also want an approach that is cheap but effective in protecting their users from traffic interception. The measures must be effective in providing protection and authentication (W eiss, 2002). Use of biometrics is another technological mobile security measure that is very effective. This rapid evolving technology improves the security of numerous mobile applications. Its architectural design consists of enrollment and authentication roles. The authentication role ensures that the biometric data rightly compares with the stored template. This will prevent an unauthorized person from accessing the data because the biometric data and the stored template have to match. The enrollment role on the other hand, enables creation of a template by the user and then acquires biometric information. This will make sure that only the administrator can access the information stored in the mobile device (Apampa, Wills Argles, 2010). Another important security measure that is effective is setting an idle timeout. This approach ensures that the device goes off if it is idle for a specific time. In order to open the device, the owner should feed the system with the PIN number a nd the configured password. In addition, it will help unauthorized person not to access any information in the device. The idle timeout has an auto lock feature that controls access to the device. This system locks the device automatically unless opened using the correct code. It is important to note that the code is usually unique and it does not depict commonly used characters. The user should avoid writing or storing the PIN number and password in a place accessible by an unauthorized person. It is also crucial for the mobile devices users to have a data backup. Organization’s data and information should not just be in one copy. However, it is important for the data stored in the devices to be in another secure device. This is a guarantee that no matter what happens there is data available. This is especially important for organizations, which may require the information. In addition, the organizations ought to acquire the software that automatically deletes any informatio n put if the password input is wrong for several times. This will ensure the device does away with the data before the unauthorized person can access it. Conclusion Mobile devices are very important gadgets of communication in the modern world. They include mobile phones, tablets, Personal Digit Assistants (PDAs), and laptops. These devices are portable, hence used in different places and by different people. The main use of mobile devices is not only receiving voice calls and texts messages but also stores personal information for the owner like notepad, phone book, and calendar. Currently, many organizations store important data in the mobile devices. However, with increased demand there is increased theft and hacking of the devices. The ubiquitous nature of the wireless devices makes it more vulnerable to security attacks compared to the wired ones. The security of mobile devices covers all data and information stored or saved in the smart phones, tablets, PDAs, and laptops. Secu rity is very important because lack of it leads to loss of confidential information. Various approaches can ensure security of mobile devices. These include configuration of a password, setting an idle timeout and data backup. In addition, use of SIM, PIN numbers and backing up data ensure security of mobile devices as well as data stored in them. These approaches deter unauthorized access to confidential data and information stored in the devices. Reference List Apampa, K. M., Wills, G., Argles, D. (2010). User Security Issues in Summative E-Assessment Security. International Journal of Digital Society, 1, (2), 135-147. Braunberg, A. (2013). Mobile Security Buyer’s Guide. Web. Dwivedi, H., Clark, C. Thiel, D. (2010). Mobile Application Security, New York: The McGraw-Hill. Furnell, S. (2009). Mobile Security, Cambridgeshire: IT Governance Ltd. Jansen, W., Scarfone, K. (2008). Guidelines on Cell Phone and PDA Security. Pagani, M. (2005). Mobile and Wireless Systems beyond 3 G: Managing New Business Opportunities, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Paulus, S., Pohlmann, N., Reimer, H. (2005). Isse 2005 -Securing Electronic Business Processes: Highlights of the Information Security Solutions Europe 2005 Conference, New York: Springer. The Government of the Hong Kong, (2011). Mobile Technologies Security. Web. Venkataram, P., Babu, S. (2010). Wireless Mobile N/W Security, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Weiss, J. (2002). Wireless Networks: Security Problems and Solutions. Web.

A Spy Among Us Essay Research Paper

A Spy Among Us Essay, Research Paper In 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of go throughing information to the Union of Soviet Socialist Democracies ( USSR ) refering the building of atomic arms. In 1953, the United States Government executed them. Some say, the Rosenbergs received their merely penalty. Many historiographers feel that the test was unjust, and that international claims for mildness were wrongly ignored. These historiographers claim that the Rosenbergs were assassinated by the US authorities. This study will be an analysis of the test, the events which led up to it, and its wake. What Led to the Arrest? The first hint America had that a Russian undercover agent pealing existed in the US was the find of a KGB codebook on the Finnish battleground during World War II. When compared with Germany # 8217 ; s machine-scrambled codifications, the codification appeared to be comparatively crude ; a certain set of Numberss corresponded to a word, missive, or indispensable phrase. There was a small gimmick though ; the codebook was to be read with a matching page that every KGB officer was given. Because the American cyphers did non hold the matching page, there were an infinite figure of possibilities that could hold corresponded to the book, doing decoding it impossible. ( Milton 7 ) Klaus Fuchs In 1944, the FBI raided the New York offices of the Soviet Government Purchasing Commission, a known forepart for the KGB industrial espionage operations. When the FBI began to travel through what they had taken, they found that many KGB officers did non adhere to their orders diligently. They were told to dispose of all their# 8220 ; matching sheets. # 8221 ; Many memos and other letters were heedlessly stored off, alternatively of being destroyed after their usage. After much perusal of all the confiscated letters of the KGB, including the new sheets, the cyphers were now able to clarify some of the codebook they had found before. In 1949, a study by Klaus Fuchs was deciphered. This was America # 8217 ; s first solid grounds that there was a spy ring operating within the US. boundary lines. The American governments had some uncertainties, nevertheless. It was possible that Fuchs was non a undercover agent and somehow the KGB had obtained his study. After much probe, the FBI arrested Fuchs. Along with other grounds, a missive deciphered by the FBI had a mention to a British atomic undercover agent, whose sister was go toing an American University. Fuchs sister, Kristel, had been a pupil at Swarthmore College at that clip. The FBI appointed James Skardon to confront Fuchs. Skardon was a celebrated spy-catcher, who had obtained confessions from many, including the treasonist William Joyce. On December 21 1949, Skardon went to speak with Fuchs in his research lab at the Harwell Atomic Research Establishment. To Skardon # 8217 ; s surprise, Fuchs was eager to speak. Apparently, Fuchs wanted to speak because he was really disquieted with the Soviet Union # 8217 ; s postwar policy in Eastern Europe. He did non state everything, but it was a start. After many meetings, Skardon was able to acquire Fuchs to unwrap even more. Fuchs thought that if he owned up to his yesteryear, it would be forgotten, or at least forgiven. He was incorrect. Fuchs said, # 8220 ; At first I thought that all I would make was inform the Russian governments that work on the atomic bomb was traveling on? I did what I consider the worst that I could hold done, viz. to give information about the rule of the design of the Pu bomb. # 8221 ; The FBI subsequently found out from Fuchs that his contact was # 8220 ; Raymond. # 8221 ; They had merely met a smattering of times and Fuchs did non cognize much about him. On March 1, 1950, Fuchs was put on test. After a test that lasted merely an hr and a half, he was convicted of four histories of espionage and sentenced to 14 old ages in gaol. The ground he was non killed was that he gave secrets to an ally. If he had given the same information to an enemy, he would hold been condemned to decease. ( This contrasts with the current US intervention of Jonathan Pollard # 8211 ; another undercover agent on behalf of a US ally, Israel. ) The FBI now had the first nexus in the concatenation ; the following measure was happening Raymond. ( Eisenhower 223 ) Fuchs, in 1945, had been transferred to the theoretical division of the chief Manhattan Undertaking installing at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Fuchs so left, without stating his Soviet control that he was go forthing. After Fuchs missed two meetings, Raymond grew really troubled, so he went to his Soviet head, Anatoli Yakovlev, at the Soviet consulate staff in New York. Yakovlev went through Fuchs # 8217 ; portfolio and found his sister # 8217 ; s reference. He so told Raymond to travel visit Fuchs sister, Kristal, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Raymond moving as an old friend of Fuchs inquired as to his well being. Upon her stating him that he had moved # 8220 ; someplace down south, # 8221 ; he left his telephone figure. When Fuchs came place for a holiday with his sister, she called Raymond. Raymond instantly resumed their secret meetings. When the FBI was seeking for # 8220 ; Raymond # 8221 ; , they asked Fuchs and Kristal for descriptions. The FBI, with their two descriptions from the Fuchs, researched into their ain files and produced a suspect: Joseph Arnold Robbins, a leftist chemical applied scientist who graduated from CCNY in 1941. After a background hunt on him, the FBI rejected him as a informant. After more intense probe, two other suspects were suggested, Abraham Brothmon and Harry Gold. The FBI thought Gold was a stronger suspect for multiple grounds, so, on May 9, Hoover ordered a manhunt to happen Gold. On May 23 1950, Gold was arrested in Philadelphia. The importance the FBI attached to the gaining control of Fuch # 8217 ; s confederate was indicated by J. Edgar Hoover, # 8220 ; In all the history of the FBI there neer was a more of import job than this one, neer another instance where we felt under such force per unit area. The unknown adult male merely had to be found. # 8221 ; The force per unit area that Hoover was mentioning to is unknown, but months merely prior to Gold # 8217 ; s arrest the FBI was criticized for allegedly botching probes in the Redin, Amerasia, Eisler, and Coplon instances. ( Milton 38 ) Harry Gold In 1915, Tom Black, an old friend, offered Gold a occupation in the Manufacturing Company in New Jersey. Gold instantly took the occupation. After working at that place for a small piece, Black began to take Gold to Communist meetings. Gradually, Gold became a committed Soviet and when Black asked him ( in 1935 ) to assist the Soviets and give them some information, Gold thirstily agreed. Although, Gold was non pro-Communist, he was pro-Soviet. The ground Gold liked the Soviets so much was because he thought they were benevolent towards the Hebrews. Sam Semenov, Gold # 8217 ; s Soviet contact, suggested that he do his ain contacts that had entree to more information than he did. After working for the Soviets for eight old ages, Semenov told Gold to interrupt all ties with his former contacts. Gold was given new contacts, # 8220 ; a group of American scientists in New York. # 8221 ; This was considered a publicity, for Gold was assigned a contact who had entree to a batch more information. This new individual was Klaus Fuchs. After four old ages of working with Fuchs, Gold stopped working for the Soviets and began to take a normal life, cutting all ties he had with his contacts and the Soviets. A twosome of months subsequently, one of Gold # 8217 ; s contacts, Abraham Brothmon called Gold franticly stating the FBI questioned him and they were onto them. Days subsequently, the FBI interrogated Gold. At first, Gold claimed the same narrative as Brothmon, but after highly long questions Gold was worn down, and by chance slipped, and the FBI began to catch the incompatibilities in Gold # 8217 ; s narrative. The following hebdomad, they searched his house. In the center of the hunt, Gold admitted to being the adult male to whom Klaus Fuchs passed the information on atomic energy. Despite Gold # 8217 ; s efforts, after an wash uping hebdomad of question, Gold slipped and mentioned old contact # 8217 ; s and friend # 8217 ; s names, including his friend Tom Black and David Greenglass. ( Allen 41 ) David A ; Ethel Greenglass David Greenglass was an American solider assigned as a technician at Los Alamos. For $ 500 he gave Gold studies of the system used to concentrate high explosive force per unit area moving ridges that drove together packages of U and produced the concatenation the concatenation reaction of atomic fission-the detonation of the atomic bomb. David Greenglass # 8217 ; sister was Ethel Greenglass, subsequently to be Ethel Rosenberg. The Greenglass # 8217 ; s grew up in New York # 8217 ; s Lower East Side, in a little cramped flat. Ethel was superb. She graduated at age 15 from Seward Park High School. Even in the hapless economic system of that period, when there was an utmost demand for occupations, she was able to happen work within a month of having her sheepskin, at age 15. She was fired four old ages subsequently when she organized a work stoppage of 150 adult females who put down in the street barricading all the company # 8217 ; s bringing trucks. Ethel so filed a ailment with the National Labor Relations Board, which she won. She succeeded at happening a better occupation, for twice the wage of her old 1. Ethel was known as a # 8220 ; go-getter # 8221 ; ; she did non halt until she was satisfied. With some preparation, Ethel started to sing in choirs and act in dramas in the eventides. One eventide, before Ethel went on phase, she met the one and merely love of her life, Julius Rosenberg. ( Milton 50 ) Julius Rosenberg Julius # 8217 ; background was similar to Ehtel # 8217 ; s ; he grew up on New York # 8217 ; s East Side. He went to the same schools as Ethel, Talmud Torah for in-between school, and Seward Park for high school. Julius neer had to worry about money, and his father wanted him to foster his spiritual propensities and go a rabbi. In Julius # 8217 ; senior twelvemonth, he grew more interested in political relations and less interested in faith. After Julius graduated from Seward, he went to the City College of New York, where he majored in electrical technology. This major was favored by politically cognizant pupils because it entitled them to rank in the Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians ( FAECT ) , a activist brotherhood for white collar professionals with a pro-Communist leading. Julius shortly became a member in the Steinmentz Club, a subdivision of the Young Communist League, or YCL. Soon Julius became so involved in political relations that his graduation was in hazard. At this clip, Julius and Ethel were going really serious about each other and Ethel made Julius come over to her house to survey so that he would finally have his sheepskin. Because Julius spent so much clip in Ethel # 8217 ; s house, David ( Ethel # 8217 ; s brother ) became really friendly with Julius. Julius kindled David # 8217 ; s involvement in political relations, converting him to fall in the YCL. ( Allen 45 ) Julius and Ethel were married in 1939. After fighting for a few old ages with no significant occupation, Julius was hired as a civilian employee of the U.S. Army Signal Corps in the autumn of 1942. In 1942, David married Ruth Printz. In 1943, the Greenglasses joined the YCL, and the Rosenbergs were full members of the Communist Party. Julius was president of Branch 16B of the Party Industrial Division and frequently held meetings in his house. Party members were promoting everybody to make everything they could to back up the wartime attempt. When David was admitted to the American ground forces, he looked frontward to assisting the Communist cause in any manner he could. Julius, nevertheless, was physically unfit for the ground forces, so he looked for other ways to assist his party. ( Milton 70 ) Harmonizing to Ruth Greenglass # 8217 ; testimony, Julius and Ethel dropped out of the Communist party in 1943 to take their ain # 8220 ; inaugural # 8221 ; in assisting their party. She claims that Julius told her that he began to organize contacts to assist him come in a new sort of activity. David subsequently claimed that Julius approached him about the topic of espionage. Even without David Greenglass # 8217 ; testimony, one can understand why the Rosenbergs dropped out of the party. Ethel had her first kid in early 1943, and Julius was working for the authorities, so he was afraid he would lose his occupation if his Communist associations were discovered. ( Eisenhower 224 ) In the beginning of 1945, Julius was dismissed from his occupation. Sometime before this, the FBI had sent to the U.S. Army Intelligence a transcript of a Communist Party rank card demoing that in 1939, Julius had been involved in the Party. The Army felt this was non sufficient grounds to disregard Julius because there was no ground for them to presume it was the same Julius Rosenberg who was their Signal Corps employee. In the autumn of 1944, the FBI sent the Army more information on Rosenberg, including his reference. This clip the grounds sufficed and Julius was dismissed. ( Milton 83 ) On July 17, 1950, David told the FBI that Julius was speaking freely about his # 8220 ; secret work # 8221 ; in order to do David more comfy assisting him. Julius confided in David that the first move he made in espionage was while he was working as a signal corps inspector. Julius told David that he knew that Soviet wirelesss and electronics were floundering ( Dav Idaho realized that Julius was speaking about their radio detection and ranging engineering ) and had tried to assist the Soviets by picking up transcripts of tubing manuals. David said that Julius bragged to him many times about the web of contacts he had built in Cleveland, Ohio, and upstate New York, and about information about certain top secret arms. ( Milton 84 ) On July 16, 1950, two uniformed constabularies officers, William Norton and John Harrington, came to Julius # 8217 ; flat and took him down for oppugning. Julius remained really unagitated while being interrogated but refused to let his flat to be checked without a warrant. When Julius was taken to the base, Harrington asked him,# 8220 ; What would you state if we told you that your brother-in-law said you asked him to provide information to the Russians? # 8221 ; Julius responded aggressively, # 8220 ; Bring him here, and I will name him a prevaricator to his face. # 8221 ; ( Sharlitt 3 ) Soon after being taken to the station, Julius asked to name his attorney. When Victor Rabinowitz answered the telephone, his first inquiry was, was he under apprehension. When they told Julius that he had non been arrested, he instantly stood up and walked out of the station. When Julius left the station, he saw the newspapers shouting that Greenglass had been arrested that twenty-four hours and was being held on $ 100,000 bond. From the station, Julius went directly to Rabinowitz. Rosenberg wanted the FAECT advocate to stand for him, but because Rabinowitz had late defended the alleged undercover agent Judith Coplon, he felt his engagement would be detrimental for Rosenberg # 8217 ; s instance, so he gave Rosenberg another attorney, Emanuel Hirsch Bloch. Bloch was a really high attorney ; he was a member in National Lawyer # 8217 ; s Guild and the Civil Rights Congress. He served on the defence squad of Willie McGee and was besides functioning as one of the three CRC lawyers assigned to the instance of the Trenton Six. Bloch was besides good known for his representation of Steve Nelson, a leader of the Communist Party in Pittsburgh. The existent ground though, that Rabinowitz appointed Bloch, was that Bloch was a good friend of O. John Rogge and shared an office edifice with him. Rogge was Greenglass # 8217 ; lawyer and Rabinowitz wanted to remain good informed of Greenglass # 8217 ; state of affairs, and if possible, prevent him from going a authorities informant. ( Sharlitt 6 ) The first clip Bloch met Rosenberg he thought this would be a simple unfastened and unopen instance. He thought that if Rosenberg would react to all inquiries with the Fifth Amendment, so the prosecution # 8217 ; s instance would go a batch weaker. He missed some obvious intimations though, that would hold led him to believe otherwise. For illustration, Greenglass was nicknamed by the media as the# 8220 ; atom-spy. # 8221 ; ( Sharlitt 6 ) After being released, Julius continued his normal modus operandi while the FBI conducted what they call a # 8220 ; discreet surveillance. # 8221 ; Agents Norton and Harrington were for good assigned to Rosenberg # 8217 ; s instance. Without David Greenglass spread outing on his accusals from June 15-16, they could non warrant collaring him. There are different theories as to why Julius did non prehend the opportunity to fly the FBI. One theory is that he did non believe that David would interrupt down so far as to reference even his ain household. Another theory is that it would hold taken hebdomads to alarm some of his contacts without taking the FBI to them. ( Meerpool 37 ) On July 12, Greenglass, with the goad of his attorneies, had his 2nd extradition hearing. This led the media to believe that Greenglass was tilting towards pleading guilty. Harmonizing to Ruth, David # 8217 ; s married woman, Ethel visited her to happen out what David # 8217 ; s programs were and if he was traveling to indict her hubby, Julius. ( Meerpool 42 ) The FBI, after Greenglass made his statements, went to James McInerney of the Justice Department, who agreed there was now plenty grounds to bear down Julius Rosenberg with confederacy to commit espionage. When Richard Whelan, helper particular agent in charge of the New York office, heard McInerney # 8217 ; s opinion, he sent Norton to register a ailment before federal justice John F. X. McGohey. Immediately after J. Edgar Hoover heard that Whelan tried to detain the apprehension, he grew infuriated. He suspected the ground for the hold was in order to tip off the imperativeness so that the narrative would be covered in the following twenty-four hours # 8217 ; s documents. Hoover feared that when the imperativeness found out, Rosenberg might be tipped-off and flee at the last 2nd. ( Milton 92 ) On Tuesday, July 17, 1950, when Rosenberg was arrested, it was in full position of his appalled household ; his two boies standing agape, watching their male parent dragged out by two officers. Julius and Ethel until the acrimonious terminal maintained their artlessness. They neer pleaded guilty nor even considered it. The FBI, after seeking Julius # 8217 ; house, had grounds that the espionage pealing that Greenglass talked about was true. In order to force Rosenberg to unwrap names of other undercover agents, Hoover suggetsed that Ethel be arrested, and be used as purchase to coerce Julius to speak. ( Mitlon 93 ) Ethel Rosenberg On August 11, Ethel Rosenberg was arrested and bond was set at $ 100,000-the same immense sum as her hubby. Ethel # 8217 ; s attorney was Bloch # 8217 ; s male parent, Alexander Bloch. The ground for this was that when she was arrested, Manny Bloch was non in the office, but his male parent was, so he rushed down to the station to assist Ethel and so subsequently took her instance. The Rosenberg kids were sent to Tessie Greenglass, who really shortly complained to the tribunal she could non command them and more significantly, could non afford them. The tribunal sent them to the Hebrew Children # 8217 ; s Home in the Bronx. Most believe that the FBI arrested Ethel in order to force her hubby into squealing. Others disagree and state that Greenglass # 8217 ; accusals proved true, and it is possible that Ethel was a full spouse in her hubby # 8217 ; s behaviors and she was arrested strictly on her misbehaviors. ( Sharlitt 42 ) The Test On March 6, 1951, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg # 8217 ; s test began. Their instance attracted so much attending because this was the most publicised undercover agent Hunt of all clip. Another ground this instance received so much attending was that it contained all the elements of a high play test. The instance had a household feud already familiar to the populace, because the Judaic Daily Forward had published a series of articles on the Greenglasses. The test besides involved suspects who steadfastly claimed their artlessness, and the possibility of high atomic scientists attesting. ( Milton 98 ) United states Attorney Irving Saypool was prosecuting the instance. Saypool had made a really good repute for himself when he prosecuted Communists, including Alger Hiss and the eleven Smith Act suspects. From the oncoming of the test, Saypool treated the suspects without the accustomed tribunal properness. Irving R. Kaufman, the justice, chose the jurymans himself in a twenty-four hours and a half. Kaufman read a list of many parties, organisations, and nines and anybody affiliated with any of them were excused. Then they were asked if they were opposed to the decease punishment, the usage of atomic-weapons in war, or felt that any information refering the development of atomic energy should be revealed to any Russian orbiter state. If they were, they were excused. ( Burkholz 73 ) In Saypool # 8217 ; s gap words, he stated, # 8220 ; The trueness and the commitment of the Rosenbergs were non to the state but to Communism, Communism in this state and throughout the world. # 8221 ; Emanuel Bloch instantly objected that Saypool # 8217 ; s allusion to communism was irrelevant because communism was non on test. Kaufman said that communism would be allowed in the test because it established motor. Saypool besides said that they convinced David Greenglass to go a treasonist to his state, # 8220 ; a modern Benedict Arnorld. # 8221 ; After Saypool # 8217 ; s really powerful gap statement, the populace began to speak about capital penalty. ( Burkholz 75 ) It is about impossible to convict person of lese majesty. It was such a serious offense that the criterions of cogent evidence are really rigorous. On the other manus, it is easy to acquire a strong belief for confederacy ; it is even sometimes umpire to as the # 8220 ; prosecuting officer # 8217 ; s friend. # 8221 ; Hearsay testimony is admissible in test, and one time the being of confederacy is established every plotter may be held apt for the Acts of the Apostless of the others, even if he does non hold any cognition of them. In add-on, in order to be convicted, merely the confederacy had to be proven. ( Meerpool 176 ) The prosecution brought several really damaging informants against the defence: Julius Rosenberg # 8217 ; s brother-in-law, David Greenglass, and his married woman Ruth Printz Greenglass. Greenglass testified that he passed to his sister and brother-in-law studies of the implosion lens, a critical constituent of the Pu bomb. David Greenglass # 8217 ; s narrative was corroborated by his married woman and another undercover agent, Harry Gold. Gold testified that he received information from David Greenglass, and that he passed them on to the Rosenbergs. These testimonies showed clearly that there was a program to descry and to go through secrets. ( Milton 103 ) Soap Elicher testified about a 2nd undercover agent pealing which Julius Rosenberg headed. The 2nd ring was formed to unwrap to the Soviets naval secrets refering to communications instruments. He testified that Julius Rosenberg recruited him to descry. Cipher knew about the two confederacies except for Rosenberg ; he was the lone connexion between the two. Although Elicher did non state what information he gave to Rosenberg, it connected Julius Rosenberg to two spy rings. None of Elicher # 8217 ; s testimony was refuted except by Rosenberg # 8217 ; s denials. ( Milton 104 ) After a 14 twenty-four hours test, there was no grounds turn outing the Rosenberg # 8217 ; s artlessness so the jury decided to believe David Greenglass # 8217 ; , Harry Gold # 8217 ; s, and Max Elicher # 8217 ; s testimonies. The prosecuting officers asked the Rosenbergs many inquiries about their engagement in the Communist Party in order to set up motivation. They answered most of the inquiries with the Fifth Amendment so that their replies would non imply them. This led many people, including the jurymans, to experience really strongly about their guilt. Many argue that the Rosenbergs were framed and that they were the perfect people to be framed because of their engagement in the Communist Party. There are a few inquiries as to why Emanuel Bloch did certain things in the test. For illustration, he did non cross-examine Harry Gold. ( Sharlitt 17 ) For collaborating with the prosecution, Greenglass # 8217 ; sentence was for 15 old ages of imprisonment, Gold # 8217 ; s for 30 and Fuch # 8217 ; s for merely 14. The Rosenbergs pled non guilty. In March 1951, they became the first Americans to be sentenced to decease on a charge of espionage in peacetime. ( Milton 103 ) Doubts on the Trial Some historiographers say that the authorities framed the Rosenbergs, and was taking for capital penalty. First, they were non charged with espionage, instead they were charged and convicted of confederacy to descry. This was to the authorities # 8217 ; s advantage because, as explained antecedently, much less cogent evidence is necessary for a strong belief for confederacy. A 2nd ground that historians think that the authorities was out to kill the Rosenbergs was because Saypool, Lane, Cohn, and Kilsheimer were all assigned to the instance. This showed the authorities # 8217 ; s strong and particular involvement in the instance. In drumhead, the charge against the Rosenbergs, the powerful prosecution, the well-known anti-Communist prosecuting officers and the justice, all support that the authorities # 8217 ; s aim was to kill the Rosenbergs. ( Sharlitt 23 ) The ground many people call the Rosenberg # 8217 ; s executings a legal and fatal mistake is simple. On June 19, 1953, the federal authorities executed the Rosenbergs. The Rosenbergs were charged, tried, and convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917. In 1946, the Atomic Energy Act was passed. It required that undercover agents who passed atomic secrets be executed merely after a jury # 8217 ; s recommendations. From the twenty-four hours the Rosenbergs were indicted to three yearss before their executing, this act was ignored. Amazingly, cipher realized, including the prosecuting officers, suspects, or any Judgess, that this was being ignored. A attorney from the West Coast raised the issue that suggested to person that the Rosenbergs were being wrongly executed. Even after the issue was raised, the Supreme Court ignored it and the Rosenbergs were executed anyhow. Still today, there is an on-going and acrimonious contention as to why the Rosenbergs were put to decease. ( Sharlitt 27 ) Bibliography Allen, Thomas, and Norman Polmar. Merchants of Treason. New York: Delacorte Imperativeness, 1988. Burkholz, Herbert, and Clifford Irving. Spy The Story of Modern Espionage. New York: Macmillan Printing Company, 1969. Eisenhower, Dwight. Mandate For Change. Garden City: Doubleday A ; Company, Inc. , 1963. Milton, Joyce, and Ronald Rodash. The Rosenberg File. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Meeropol, Michael, and Robert Meeropol. We Are Your Sons. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975. Sharlitt, Joseph. Fatal Error. New York: Macmillan Printing Company, 1989.

Problems with Social Network Services Research Paper

Problems with Social Network Services - Research Paper Example , fast, and simple way to communicate jokes, photographs, it can help families and friends separated by great distances to keep in-touch in ways that was not always possible in the past; unfortunately, the effects of social media are not entirely positive. In fact, there are some negative side-effects of our modern social media obsessed society today, which includes, issues of privacy, hacking and â€Å"witch-hunting,† as well as, other societal effects and concerns, However ,the predominant issue caused that has evolved on social media is cyberbullying. This unpleasant phenomenon is affecting 1000s upon 1000s of children in the United States and all over the world. The nature and trends in today’s social media facilitates cyberbullying and effective changes must be made. Social media was intended to be entertainment and was established as an opportunity to communicate with friends and family far away, make new friends in other states, and all over the world. Unfortunately while many may approach social media sites with reserve and responsibility as an entertainment form, that behavior is not universal. However, the side effects of social media’s potential positives are becoming more and more serious. People are becoming too involved with the â€Å"cyber† life and less involved in their actual lives. Addiction to technology and social media is being acknowledged and those instances appear to be increasing. The excessive or overuse of technology, like social media, can have some serious psychological, social, and even physical repercussions. However, as cyberbullying began to manifest all too often on internet sites the dangers of social media began to effect the youth in horrific ways (The Movement Against Bullying). Cyber bullying is the direct offspring of social media. Bullying, unfortunately, is a long-lived reality of children, tweens, and teens throughout their years of schooling. These instances can be horrific for the victims, embarrassing, hurtful,

Weekly assignemnts Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Weekly assignemnts - Speech or Presentation Example The arithmetic mean is explained in terms of the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. The arithmetic mean provides the average value for each of the variable. Therefore the average score for ADDSC is 52.6, for IQ is 100.26 which is very good, for EngG is 2.66 and for GPA is 2.46. The standard deviation can be explained as â€Å"sum of the squared deviations about the mean divided by N-1† (Howell, 2011, pp. 87-88). Since it is measure of dispersion it allows us to predict how much dispersed the data point lie from the average value. In the given case the standard deviations for GPA (0.86), EngG (.95) and EngL (.52) are small and exhibit that the average value for each variable presents the data reasonably well since 66% of the data lie within 1 standard deviation of the arithmetic mean. The standard deviation for ADDSC (12.42) and IQ (12.98) is high suggesting a platykurtic curve, although the mean seems to represent the data very well in such case too. GPA, EngL and EngG exhibit a slightly negatively skewed data (-.264, -0.06 and -.352), whereas IQ, ADDSC show a slightly positively skewed data (.395 and 0.04). All variables exhibit kurtosis that is somewhat platykurtic. Besides all the statistics discussed are within the normal range of -2 to +2, therefore it can be said that the sample has a symmetrical and normal distribution. The descriptive statistics for SocProb, Dropout, Gender and Repeat seem meaningless. In order to employ Pearson Coefficient for correlation analysis the only one distributional assumption is needed i.e. linearity. Pearson coefficient assumes that the association between the variables under investigation can be defined using a straight line and the most feasible way to explore linearity is by constructing a scatter plot. The Inferential procedure necessitate that the joint distribution of desired X

Means End Chain Model Relating to Samsung Essay Example for Free

Means End Chain Model Relating to Samsung Essay Samsung Electronics Relating to the Means End Chain Model Means End chain Model explores the connection between consumer and product through the construction of a simple associative network between concrete and abstract product attributes, functional and psychosocial consequences linked with product use and finally consumers’ instrumental and terminal values. Product Attributes expresses the impressions or characteristics of a product or service. Concrete attributes refer to the physical characteristics. They have a tangible reality where the consumer can experience directly. Abstract Attributes are non material product characteristics that are intangible and cannot be experienced directly by the consumer. When coming to a purchase decision of Samsung Electronics people first go for the impression, that is the concrete attributes like: Easy touch system Simple and Lighter Products Range of Versions Etc†¦ Then comes to the Abstract Attributes like: User Friendly Performance Value for Money After sale services Etc†¦ Consequences are outcomes or the benefits that the consumer can have when the product is purchased. Functional consequences are the tangible outcomes of a product that the consumers usually experience directly and immediately. Psychosocial consequences refer to the knowledge about the psychological and social outcomes of product use. After the purchase of Samsung Electronics the consumer will experience that the product has the following features: Bright Color with realistic images Good Quality Easy to install Etc†¦ Then the consumer will experience the psychosocial consequences such as: Satisfaction Entertainment Moved out to the latest trends Etc†¦ Values are people’s broad life goals. They also involve the effects associated with such goals and needs. Instrumental Values are preferred modes of conduct or ways of behaving Terminal Values are preferred state of being or broad psychological status. The instrumental values of a consumer after the purchase of Samsung Electronics are: Status Standing out from a crowd Good Choice Etc†¦ The instrumental values of a consumer after the purchase of Samsung Electronics are: Happiness Peace in Mind because of the best selection Etc†¦ Means End Chain is a unique marketing technique to understand and deliver on consumer behavior. WHY? A simple question coupled with some intelligent probing can accomplish a pool of beneficial information that the marketers can use to target anywhere from an entire demographics or to a particular segment.

Creating Energy from Deuterium - Tritium Fusion Essay -- Alternative E

Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Abstract The energy crisis is upon us. Fossil fuels are expected to be totally depleted within the next ten to fifty years. We need an energy source that can consistently output lots of energy and be easily operated. Deuterium-Tritium fusion appears to be the best and most effective way to produce energy. By fusing the two isotopes of Hydrogen in to the heavier element Helium large quantities of energy are released. D-T fusion is the safest form of fusion, producing no waste and no harmful radioactive atoms. As long as there is available Deuterium and Tritium, we have an effective way to solve the energy crisis. Introduction The sun generates its energy by fusing hydrogen atoms, which give off large amounts of energy. However, scientists believe that the sun long ago fused Deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, because it was a more easily achieved fusion.( Conventional Fusion FAQ, May 2007) Deuterium-Tritium fusion is soon to be one of the most effective and efficient ways to produce energy. A normal hydrogen atom has only one proton in its nucleus, but deuterium is a hydrogen atom with one neutron and one proton, a tritium atom consists of two neutrons and one proton. Deuterium is also known as "heavy water" because it forms D-O-D. (Wikipedia, 2007) Figure 1 Three isotopes of Hydrogen Deuterium-Tritium Fusion 3 Heavy water has already been incorporated into modern nuclear reactors. Some Canadian reactors, such as CANDU, are using deuterium to moderate the heat of the reactors: however, the fusion of deuterium and tritium is still being researched. There have been few experiments on the fusion of Deuterium and Tritium. In 1952 Mike Ivy shot the first hydrogen bomb made with deuterium liquid. Th... .../hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.html Uranium Energy Corp, (2006). Uranium. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://www.uraniumenergy.com/uranium/ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (July 26 2007). Deuterium. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (July 26 2007). Tritium. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (July 26 2007). Nuclear Fusion. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (July 26 2007). Ocean. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (July 26 2007). Timeline of Nuclear Fusion. Retrieved July 30, 2007, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion

Animals in Captivity

The zoo is packed with children, running everywhere. They laugh and smile as they watch the animals at the zoo sleep. What these children do not realize is that these animals are dying on the inside. Animals that live at the zoo are extremely depressed. These animals can suffer severe psychological disorders from being out of their natural environment. But others argue that keeping these animals in captivity will help keep endangered species alive. However, the disadvantages of keeping animals in captivity are becoming more and more serious, and more people are beginning to believe that animals should not be held captive.Animals should not be kept in captivity because of the negative impact it can have on their life. On Christmas Day, in the year 2007 a tiger broke out of its enclosure at the San Francisco Zoo. Once out of its cage, the tiger attacked 3 people, severely injuring two people, and killing one. Unfortunately, this was not the first time that this tiger had shown aggressi on towards people. A year before this incident, this tiger had injured a zoo keeper during a public feeding (Roberts, 2008).In captivity animals are isolated from their natural habitat, and are provided with very little physical and mental stimulation. According to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), facilities with potential dangerous animals, must have appropriate safety procedures in order to prevent attacks by these animals. Sadly, these procedures were not followed at the San Francisco Zoo (Roberts, 2008). Another incident like this occurred with a killer whale and its trainer. Dawn Brancheau was drug to the bottom of her killer whale’s tank at Sea World in Orlando, Florida.Although these whales are called, â€Å"killers† there is no record of them killing human beings in the wild. According to the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, attacks by killer whales in captivity happens more than you think (McCarthy, 2010). Why do these animals attack in capt ivity and not in the wild? The answer to this question is believed to be linked to captivity related stress. In the wild, these animals are very social, living with 10 to 20 other whales. Placing these animals in captivity alters their behavior, and leads these animals to have unpredictable anger.Because of this animal welfare campaigners believe that killer whales should not be placed into captivity, but you can not just place the animals that were so easily caught into the wild again (McCarthy, 2010). People argue that keeping these kinds of animals in captivity provides the world with numerous educational benefits, but accidents like this are happening more and more. These incidents make a person wonder if these animals were never to be placed into captivity, would these tragedies have happened. Animals should not be kept in captivity because it has been proved to have a negative impact on their lives.Generally, animals that live in zoos suffer from poor well-being. Although, the se animals receive veterinary care that they normally would not receive in the wild, they can suffer from severe stress. Evidence has been found that psychological needs of these animals are not being met. Not only do these animals suffer mentally, but they also suffer physically too. After being placed in captivity, some animals can become susceptible to opportunistic infections such as jaw abscesses (Mason, 2009). Also the giraffe has a short lifespan in captivity then it would normally have in the wild.The reasoning behind this is that they have low energy intake in the wild and poor nutritional status (Mason, 2009). Many animals that live in captivity do not seem the flourish in the same way that they would in the wild. Many animals that live in captivity do not get the kind of exercise that their bodies need, especially elephants (Smith, 2008). Being locked up in a facility might be helping these animals avoid poachers, but the lack of exercise is causing cardiovascular disease . Elephants that live in captivity do not live nearly as long as they would in the wild. 7 elephants were examined at a British zoo, and only 11 of them were able to walk correctly. It is said that advancements are being made to improve elephant environments in captivity, but numerous zoos have shut down their elephant attractions (Smith, 2008). Many people are attracted to keeping wild animals as pets. They believe the wild animals to be interesting and exciting. At a young age, the animals may seem easier to tame, but the older these animals get, the more aggressive they tend to become. Many problems can develop from keeping a wild animal as a pet.Wild animals have specific needs that have to be met, in order for them to prosper. â€Å"Only the most exceptional zoos and wildlife centers provide a living area that somewhat resembles the natural habitat of these animals, but it is virtually impossible to provide sufficient space for larger species†(CFHS). In captivity animals do not lose their wild instincts. They can be extremely unpredictable, and if provoked they can cause severe harm to people. Some wild animals, such as reptiles and hedgehogs can actually carry bacteria called salmonella, which is very easily transmitted to humans.Exotic animals can be very social, and need to have a companion of the same species living with them. If the animal is kept isolated from its kind, then it can suffer psychologically (CFHS). Many wild animals that are kept as pets often get abandoned because the owner was not able to meet of its needs. Others try to place the animal back into its natural habitat, but after being in captivity for many years, the animal is not able to re-adapt to this environment. When these animals are abandoned, it is difficult to find a new home for them.Sadly, most of these animals end up being humanely euthanized, or die from stress of being moved from one environment to another (CFHS). There are strict guidelines for some animals such as penguins that live in captivity. In some areas of the world, it is actually illegal to hold these animals captive. Due to some of the elements that penguins are exposed to in captivity, some can become very ill, or even die (Penguin Facts, 2009). Although, a lot of these facilities are cleaned regularly, the illnesses can spread extremely fast to members of the penguin colony without warning.If the illness continues to spread throughout the colony then the penguins are all at risk of becoming ill, or even possibly dying (Penguin Facts, 2009). When new members are added to a colony, penguin may feel the urge to migrate, which is an instinct they must ignore in captivity(Penguin Facts, 2009). In zoos, it is commonly seen that two males or two females will have a relationship, but in the wild this is not seen (Penguin Facts, 2009). Another animal that does not do well in captivity is the monkey.Behind bars these animals are well fed and safe, but they will never be able to socializ e with other types of monkeys like they normally would be able to in the wild. Victor Hugo explains, â€Å"People think they can tame these wild creatures because they're so cute when they're babies – but they inevitably bite someone and then become a problem†(Macaskill, 2011). Monkeys are believed to be cute and cuddly creatures, but this animal can actually feel threatened by this kind of attention from a human. Eventually, leading to attacking what it feels threatened by, as it would do in the wild.According to Victor, â€Å"Every day a monkey spends in captivity makes a difference and once they've become too humanized, they become non-releasable† (Macaskill, 2011). An argument many have placed in the defense of zoos is educational benefits and conservation. Not all zoos are bad. According to Michael Hutchins, PhD, director and William Conway Chair of the Department of Conservation and Science for the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, there are two kinds of zoos, zoos that meet AZA standards and zoos that just aren’t up to par (Keuhn, 2011).He also discussed that in the past few years, zoos have changed from focusing on preserving species by captive breeding to preserving habitats and species that live in the wild. Zoos support conservation by educating members of society, and raising money for conservation projects. They can also help develop technologies, and with scientific research (Keuhn, 2011). It is said that by observing animals in captivity, scientists can find valuable information that they would not be able to gather in by observing animals in the wild. However, conservation is not justification for zoos.Dr. Hutchins says that animal welfare is equally important. The AZA has taken a number of steps to improve animal welfare. They must promote natural habitats, and ensure quality care of their animals. They have also outreached to substandard zoos, to help close down the worst facilities (Keuhn, 2011). Some people argue that animals do not have rights. They believe that in order to keep endangered species alive, the animals must be captured. Zoos can also provide animals with safety from poachers and wildlife predators (Nakate, 2010).Some zoos do treat animals in a harsh manner, but there is improvement being made in the quality of care being provided to animals. There are many educational benefits that zoos and conservation centers provide people with. These places are trying to make more people aware of the environment (Nakate, 2010). Many schools take field trips to zoos in order to educate children, early in their lives about animals, and their environment. Teaching children about the environment, at a young age will help raise awareness about environmental issues later on in their lives.Terminating all zoos would hinder knowledge about some animals. For many scientists, it is hard for them to get a good look at animals in the wild. By placing some of these creatures in captivity, it enab les scientists to get a closer look at these species and their behavior. Without zoos, conducting research would become a hassle. Scientists would have to go into the wild for several days to track the animal down, then once found, they would have to try to observe from a safe distance. Most penguins seem to do fairly well in zoos, and conservation centers.Captivity is beneficial to penguins that have been injured in the wild, and would have died without the help from animal caretakers (Penguin Facts, 2009). In the wild, penguin eggs have the chance of being destroyed by predators, but in captivity there is a chance for all the eggs to survive. Also, this gives animal caretakers a chance to help feed the baby penguins that the adults will not care for (Penguin Facts, 2009). Ultimately, captivity is very beneficial to the penguin population. Although, it may seem like zoos and other conservation centers provide people with educational benefits that is not always the case.Most childre n, who visit the zoo, do not even read the informational guides that are placed at each exhibit. Generally, people spend a few moments at each display, to take pictures of the animals then move on to the next without even taking a glance at any information given. While, not all zoos are bad, many zoos out there do not take proper care of their animals, leading them to a lifetime of misery, and pain. Without proper care, animals cannot function normally. Animals that do not live in their natural environment do not get the right amount of socialization that they need.This can cause severe physiological effects on them. The stress of moving animals from one environment to another can be harmful as well. Even though these animals are captive, they are still wild animals, and have natural instincts to protect themselves. If an animal in captivity believes it is in danger, it will attack a human, causing severe injury, or death. Some animals in captivity will attack just because it is in their nature. Once placing an animal in captivity, it cannot be placed back into its natural environment. Animals have a hard time re-adapting to the wild.Placing animals in captivity has its obvious benefits, but do these benefits outweigh the disadvantages that it has on an animal? When placing animals in zoos, people are not thinking about the natural well-being of them. They are only thinking of the scientific benefits and entertainment values that these animals bring to the world. Keeping animals in zoos may help out endangered species, but they will never be able to prosper outside of the cages of those facilities. Is an animal truly an animal when it’s trapped behind bars?

Analysis of the Marks of an Educated Person Essay

In an analysis of â€Å"The Marks of an Educated Person† the author writes about three different individuals and shows whether or not they qualify as educated people. He also writes about the purpose of education and what it means to be an educated Christian. The author refers to three individuals in his writing: Mary, Tom, and Pat. He talks about their personalities and their concentrations towards education. Mary is a narrowly focused individual that focusses on her major, her electives, her extracurricular activities, and her work experience. Mary is trained in her specific area but she is not educated. I see myself as being a lot like Mary. I feel like I spend a lot of time focusing on the same things as Mary. Tom is a popular, socially successful person. He is a social conformist, therefore he is not educated. Pat enjoys learning and has a broad education in many different areas. She has skills in other areas other than her major. It is my desire to be more like Pat. I want to find enjoyment in learning and hope to become a â€Å"jack of all trades† in the field of education. Being broad is one important thing to me; I would like to be able to have a wide range of knowledge instead of only having knowledge in one area. The author then introduces Aristotle stating that education should prepare a person for an active life marked by excellence. To me this means that a person should have a wide array of knowledge. Aristotle refers to the good life as â€Å"fulfillment† or â€Å"self-actualization†. Unlike during the time of Aristotle, fulfillment now seems to bring feeling of satisfaction and Aristotle meant is as an achievement. Self-actualization now sounds individualistic and self-centered; for Aristotle it represents the full actualization of human capacities in the activities of their lives. This is significant because it shows the change in thought over the generations. This supports my thoughts that people of earlier generations were â€Å"more educated† than people of our times. I do not know if this is lack of good education or the mindset of the people now-a-days. I think that Aristotle is right when he says that education should prepare a person for an active life marked by excellence. Characteristics of an educated person show that they should be reflective and moral in everything that they do and be thoroughly responsible of everything they do. I think that I have at some points in my education shown these characteristics but also had lack of these. I think that I have shown the lack of reflective ness and morality because of not having someone there to make me do things that I am responsible for doing and being away from home has affected me also. I feel like I am a responsible person who Aristotle says is one of the things you need to have to be an educated person, but here of late I have realized that I have fallen away from being a responsible agent and am working back to that state. In the section titled â€Å"The Marks of an Educated Christian† the author talks about â€Å"spiritual virtues† which are an unreserved commitment to God and his purposes for us in this world, a confidence in the gospel, and a self-giving devotion, also known as faith, hope, and love. I believe that spiritual virtues are important because they give direction to people in all aspects of their lives. If a person has faith, hope, and love for God, they can find answers to any problems they may be facing. Moral virtues are qualities of character like love and fairness, the courage of one’s convictions, a thorough going integrity, and a commitment to justice and love in every area of life. The importance of both spiritual and moral virtues should be a big thing in the lives of Christians but what is important to Christian colleges is breadth of understanding, openness to new ideas, intellectual honesty about other views and about the problems in one’s own, analytic and critical skills, not just verbal skills and powers of communication but grace and eloquence therein as well, the ability to say the right thing in the right way at the right time. This is important because this builds us as human beings not just students. As human beings be are to gain as much knowledge as possible to bring us closer to God. In non-Christian colleges the focus is solely on education. I think that the approach of a Christian college is more beneficial to its students because it builds them as people more so as just students. But moral and intellectual values are not enough. Being responsible we need to have conscientiousness, helpfulness, a servantly but not servile manner, decisiveness, self-discipline, persistence, the ability to correct one’s course and start afresh, to maintain good family relations, active involvement in church and community, to be an effective agent of needful and helpful change. You can see all of these at work here at Greenville College. Here at GC the importance of all of these things are equally stressed. Community is a big word used here at Greenville and having a requirement of volunteer work in the courses enforces students to be a part of their community. After reading â€Å"The Marks of an Educated Person† I now realize areas that I need to work on in my life as I strive to be both an educated person and an educated Christian. I feel like in some areas that were mentioned in this reading I have been better in the past than I am now. I hope to work towards these goals and be more of an educated person and to be more like Pat.